![]() ![]() ![]() īlast furnaces are estimated to have been responsible for over 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions between 19, but are difficult to decarbonize. However, the term has usually been limited to those used for smelting iron ore to produce pig iron, an intermediate material used in the production of commercial iron and steel, and the shaft furnaces used in combination with sinter plants in base metals smelting. According to this broad definition, bloomeries for iron, blowing houses for tin, and smelt mills for lead would be classified as blast furnaces. In contrast, air furnaces (such as reverberatory furnaces) are naturally aspirated, usually by the convection of hot gases in a chimney flue. The downward flow of the ore along with the flux in contact with an upflow of hot, carbon monoxide-rich combustion gases is a countercurrent exchange and chemical reaction process. The end products are usually molten metal and slag phases tapped from the bottom, and waste gases ( flue gas) exiting from the top of the furnace. In a blast furnace, fuel ( coke), ores, and flux ( limestone) are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air (sometimes with oxygen enrichment) is blown into the lower section of the furnace through a series of pipes called tuyeres, so that the chemical reactions take place throughout the furnace as the material falls downward. Blast refers to the combustion air being supplied above atmospheric pressure. Type of furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metalsįormer AHM blast furnace in Port of Sagunt, Valencia, SpainĪ blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. ![]()
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